Personality Development

Personality refers to the long lasting traits in an individual. Generally, people tend to evaluate the personalities of human beings around them on a daily basis; this happens consciously or unconsciously.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Personality Development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The difference between psychologists and other individuals, however, is that, whereas we appraise personality informally and focus more on individuals, psychologists employ the usage of personality conceptualizations that possibly applies to all persons. This explains the development of various theories. Fundamentally, personality may be defined as that which comprises behavioral and trait aspects that tend to distinguish one person from the rest. Therefore, the argument here is that personality comes from within an individual and remains unswerving even as he/she ages. Generally, there are four basic tenets of personality including Consistency; Psychological construction; Impact Behaviors and Actions, and Multiple Expressions. Personality does influence how people take action to their setting or stimuli, and causes individuals to do or behave in an exacting mode. Multiple expressions on the other hand provide the understanding that the expression of personality does not just occur in behavior, but also in how people think, feel and in their associations with others, as well as in day-to-day interactions. Sigmund Freud’s Psychosexual Theory According to Freud’s theory of Psychoanalytic development, a person’s personality appears within the first six years and remains more or less the same over the years. This theory is grounded on the fact that personality and behavior is unconscious and draws back from childhood and sexuality, an aspect he called fixation. He proposes that a child undergoes five stages of human development within the formative years (Friedman Schustack, 2008). F reud imagined that sexuality begins when one is very young and goes through what he referred to as fixation. His basic argument is that if these stages are not successfully accomplished and done away with, then people tend to unconsciously maintain them and discharge them later in life as psychological defense mechanisms, so that they unconsciously eliminate anxiety associated with the conflict in abandoning such stages (Allen, 2006). For instance, oral fixation can have a number of effects, one of them being oral aggressive personality, where one becomes unreasonably aggressive, and antagonistic to the extent of getting to vocally abuse others. Perhaps, this explains why Tina Turner occasionally hauls insults at others. On the other hand, anal fixation brought about by stringent punishment when children undergo toilet training can have a number of effects including ‘The Anal Retentive Personality’.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can he lp you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More People who have this sort of personality tend to be very tidy and stubborn, and they tirelessly value perfection (Friedman Schustack, 2008). Again, perhaps this is the reason Tina Turner has great impatience to non-performers in the music industry and always values fashion and great dress sense; indeed, this may be the reason she ventured on her own. Besides, it could well explain why she is very energetic during her performances on stage. Eriksson’s Eight Stages of Human Development Erik Eriksson, in psychodynamic Theory, presents eight stages of human development. The striking thing about this theory is the belief that when one does not fully go or successfully experience a particular stage, then such stage will reoccur later in life, or will define unfulfilment in the latter stages (Friedman Schustack, 2008). Accordingly, kids are usually borne with unique temperaments and basic capabilities. Generally, people undergo a number of changes in the process of growing into adulthood and aging. Eriksson’s each of the stages of human development reckons that the entire psychological predicament associated with each of the stages must be successfully resolved before one takes into the next stage (Friedman Schustack, 2008). For instance, stage three in Eriksson’s theory, which is ‘’Early Childhood’’ stipulated between ages 2 to 6 and described as ‘’Initiative Versus Guilt’’, can give us a prelude to Tina Turner’s personality and behavior. According to Eriksson, at this stage, children usually had mastered ‘motor skills’ and therefore they increasingly participate in social interaction. The challenge for children at this stage is that it is imperative for them to strike a balance in their quest for adventure with responsibility. If this stage is handled well, then children acquire the thinking that some things are wrong to do while also feeling no shame in engaging in independent roles. This perception could be one of the reasons Tina Turner has been very independent to even moving mountains in her musical and acting career path. Albert Bandura’s Social Learning Theory This theory posits that human beings learn through three key ways: Observation, Imitation, and Modeling. Bandura notes that people acquire behavior and attitudes by observing how others’ attitudes impact on such behaviors (Cited in Friedman Schustack, 2008).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Personality Development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The ground is that one forms the idea of behavior and therefore acquires personality through modeling and imitation. Therefore, this theory tends to explain personality and behavior in terms of cognition, behavioral interaction, and environmental influences. Bandura summarizes personality as form ed because of interaction between behavior, the environment and psychological processes such as cognitive abilities (Cited in Cloninger, 2008). His theory brings in, the aspect of cognition and defines it as the individualized worldview; it is a way by which individuals order the world around them (Friedman Schustack, 2008). Arguably, perhaps this theory, because of its holistic nature provides a balanced conceptual scheme within which to situate Tina Turner’s personality. That she must have learnt many things in her life and career processes and used her cognition to adapt along. Summery of Tina Turners Biography, in relation to the aforementioned above Theories Tina Turner, originally Anna Mae Bullock, has been in the music business for about fifty years, and been very commercially successful even to this day in rock music. She has a powerful voice and energetic on stage besides being incredibly attractive, factors which have contributed immensely to her fame (Anonymous, 2 011). Having been born to a family in the segregated South of America, Tina Turner and her siblings were deserted by their parents, forcing her to live with her grandmother. It was after her grandmother’s death that she moved to St. Louis where she re-united with her biological mother. It was this that opened the break to be in nightclubs of Rhythm and Blues, and it was in one of those escapades that she displayed her talent for performing on stage upon being invited by Ike Turner and his Kings of Rhythm in 1956. She subsequently changed her career dreams and her name soon changed to Tina Turner from Anna Mae Bullock, when her hit song, a fool in love, gained fame. She was later married to Ike Turner in Mexico; however, after a number of musical successes where Tina proved domineering, Ike, a wife beater, became so violent forcing Tina to attempt unsuccessful suicide, and eventually moving out of the marriage (Anonymous, 2011). Her domineering spirit might correspond to what may have happened during Sigmund Freud’s phallic stage.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It was then after when she was 40, that she suffered low and devastating experiences in her career and would just perform in hotel Ballrooms and Super Clubs. However, she has since said this was perhaps the best time of her career because she was able to ‘’put her shows together and execute them herself’’ (Anonymous, 2011). This development presents her as an independent person, a trait that corresponds to Erickson’s third stage of human development. However, her explanation for having dropped in terms of fame and moneymaking is a defense mechanism and can fall in the category Freud calls Rationalization. That, she did not contest for a divorce settlement from Ike, even though she was in big debt having failed a number of promoters and fled the group Revue, brings her out as a forging person, while repression as a defense mechanism comes into play. She did later, in 1980, having featured in Olivia Newton-John Hollywood Nights TV, impressed upon Newt on-John’s management to bring her onboard. The explanation here psychologically is that she must have learnt from her previous mistakes and therefore the model of Social Learning comes in handy. It was after this that her profile took a higher note upward rise, and her performances with Red Stewart and the Rolling Stones introduced her to rock market, which she had dreamt of pursuing. Later, she was to release a number of albums and singles, which were great hits and sold millions in America, Europe and the rest of the world. It was based on this that she received notable awards and increased her fame. In deed after this time, her successes had even been all the time enormous and have been an actress in a number of movies including ‘Mad Max beyond Thunderstorms’ in 1995. Here, she received the highest accolade in American Artistry by receiving the Kennedy Centre Honors; thus, ‘’Tina Tuner is the undisputed King of Rock’’ (Anonymous, 201 1) Conclusion Psychological Models and theories have been used over time and are important in evaluating and attributing behavior and personality. For Tina Turner, there seems to be no specific model that summarizes her personality. Instead, a number of models apply to Tina Turner. References Allen, B. (2006). Personality Theories: Development, Growth, and Diversity. Boston: Pearson/Allyn Bacon. Anonymous. (2011). Mini Biography: Tina Turner. Retrieved from https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0877913/bio. Cloninger, S. (2008). Theories of Personality: Understanding Persons. NJ: Prentice Hall. Friedman, H., Schustack, M. (2001). Personality: Classic Theories and Modern Research. Boston: Allyn Bacon. This essay on Personality Development was written and submitted by user Dixie Mccullough to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

the ear essays

the ear essays The ear is an organ of the body that is used for hearing and balance. It is connected to the brain by the auditory nerve and is composed of three divisions, the external ear, the middle ear, and the inner ear. The greater part of which is enclosed within the temporal bone. The ear is looked upon as a miniature receiver, amplifier and signal-processing system. The structure of the outer ear catching sound waves as they move into the external auditory canal. The sound waves then hit the eardrum and the pressure of the air causes the drum to vibrate back and forth. When the eardrum vibrates its neighbour the malleus then vibrates too. The vibrations are then transmitted from the malleus to the incus and then to the stapes. Together the three bones increase the pressure which in turn pushes the membrane of the oval window in and out. This movement sets up fluid pressure waves in the perilymph of the cochlea. The bulging of the oval window then pushes on the perilymph of the scala vestibuli. From here the pressure waves are transmitted from the scala vestibuli to the scala tympani and then eventually finds its way to the round window. This causes the round window to bulge outward into the middle ear. The scala vestibuli and scala tympani walls ar e now deformed with the pressure waves and the vestibular membrane is also pushed back and forth creating pressure waves in the endolymph inside the cochlear duct. These waves then causes the membrane to vibrate, which in turn cause the hairs cells of the spiral organ to move against the tectorial membrane. The bending of the stereo cilia produces receptor potentials that in the end lead to the generation of nerve impulses. The External or Outer Ear - comprises of the auricle or pinna which is the fleshy part of the outer ear. It is cup-shaped and collects and amplifies sound waves which then passes along the ear canal to the ear drum or tympanic membrane. The rim of the auricle ...

The impact of culture on consumer behavior Research Paper

The impact of culture on consumer behavior - Research Paper Example People from different cultures, customs, traditions, and religions find equal respect in this country and can stay with complete harmony. Religion and Spirituality are very important in India. Worship of various deities is a salient feature. India is said to be the birthplace of Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism; 80% of the population follow Hinduism which is at least 4000years old. However people from various religions stay in this nation (Ganeri, 2013, pp. 6-7). India is the land where the Vedas and Upanishads originated (Vyas, 1992, pp.13-14). All the scriptures have been written in Sanskrit which is considered to be the mother of many languages. At present, Hindi is the national language which is again derived from Sanskrit. Indian languages, customs, rituals, dance, music, architecture, food, clothing etc differ greatly from place to place within the country. Naturally it is bountiful with seas, mountains, agricultural lands, forests, rivers, deserts, etc. India is the origin of various classical dance forms and music. However, each form represents the heritage of a particular group of people. ... Though, now - a- days, boys and girls mix up more freely, yet in general the society is conservative and arranged marriages are still a norm. Business meetings in large cities are organized as in western countries. It is rich in its cultural heritage; however, it is a third world developing country. There is a stark difference between the cultures of rural and urban India. For Indians, the concept of time is generally relaxing. Weekends comprise Saturdays and Sundays (Soundar, 2005, pp. 119-122). Culture of UAE The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is made up of the seven small emirates of Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ras Al-Khaimah, Ajman, Umm Al-Qaiwain, and Fujairah. Four-fifths of the UAE is desert. However, UAE is a rich country, due to its oil reserves. Originally, the local population was little and didn’t have the technical skills needed for a developed society. The discovery of and commercial production of oil triggered rapid economic growth and also resulted in the immigratio n of male foreign laborers, on a large scale. So, in just four decades, it has become a cosmopolitan and multicultural country. About two-thirds of the immigrants are Asians, mainly from India, Pakistan, Iran, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh etc. (Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Washington DC, 2012) Islam is the main religion in the UAE but they are well known for religious tolerance. Temples, Gurdwaras, Churches are found along with Mosques. The official language is Arabic. English is the language of commerce. They generally greet by saying â€Å"Salaamu aleikum†. They pray five times a day, religiously. Muslims observe an entire month of fasting, in the fall, called Ramadan, during which they do not eat, drink or smoke between sunrise and sunset.

El Nino And Disease Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

El Nino And Disease - Essay Example Although largely a regional phenomenon, as Fagan portrays, the effects are global in nature, as shown through various analyses. Warm ocean water temperatures, occurring anomalously, do develop from the South American west coast and influence climatic conditions across the vast Pacific Ocean. The El Nià ±o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) refers to different variations, in terms of the surface ocean temperatures along the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean. Air surface pressure is also affected within the Pacific Ocean’s tropical eastern region with the two variations being coupled (successive in nature). First, is the warm oceanic phase (El Nià ±o), which goes hand in hand with high air surface pressure, within the western Pacific region.Next follows the cold phase, which occurs with low oceanic air pressure. The above scenario portrays two extremes of climatic patterns, with the oscillations causing such conditions as droughts on the one hand, and floods on the other. This is the pr imary reason, why cholera and malaria are the most endemic of diseases significantly influenced by this phenomenon. Regionally, the wider Pacific Ocean is affected, in terms of water temperatures (both above and below the surface); in addition to developing nations, especially those bordering the water mass. These states, majorly dependent upon the fishing industry, and the agricultural sector are thus influenced in more than one way.Not only is their economic basis majorly affected, so too are the prevailing health statistics.

Breaking Down Barriers to Excellence (operations management)2 Assignment

Breaking Down Barriers to Excellence (operations management)2 - Assignment Example For the consultants to effectively implement change, the organization should create a supporting environment, resources, and training, articulate a precise direction together with clear expectations, and engage its management and reinforce new behaviors. This should also include finding synergy among groups, providing them with what they need, as well as coordinating efforts to achieve given goals. According to Proctor & Doukakis, (2003), it requires a savvy technology adoption scheme that ties training, sponsorship, workflow harmonization, communication, reinforcement, and user support with the business priorities. The best management structure in this context will be the use of departmental managers, where the C-level executive will be the Chief Information Officer. The consultancy should be a profit center for the reason that, the only true profit in an institution is realized when the external customer gives money to the organization to exchange for a good or service. If the consultancy truly needs to make profit, it will focus its efforts on making interactions as efficient and effective as possible. The leadership structure in this organization is a horizontal one. This management structure can be related to quality management in a work place, where employees find themselves in work settings with colleagues of diverse generations with different but motivate values, work styles, and goals (Thiagarajan & Zairi, 1997). Multigenerational workplaces are a source of positive challenge, significant growth, and business opportunities if effectively managed and leveraged to meet the goals of an organization. Examples include factors such as respectful communication, sound lifestyle decisions, and functional literacy. Thiagarajan, T., & Zairi, M. (1997). A review of total quality management in practice: understanding the fundamentals through examples of best practice applications-Part I. The TQM Magazine, 9(4),

Greece: Birthplace of Western Civilization

Greece: Birthplace of Western Civilization Greece was known as the Birthplace of Western Civilization (Aquino Badilles, 2006, p.80) because its culture became the epitome for the succeeding western civilizations. The tale of the ancient Greek civilization is a painful history of foreign supremacy. But their civilization was built on solid foundation and led by efficient leaders that created values and customs that are still being practiced and observed by modern societies. It is for this reason that the Greek civilization flourished, remembered, celebrated and accepted by the whole world. One factor that can be considered as an integral part of the development of Greek civilization is its geography. The geography of Greece had an overwhelming impact on its political, cultural, economic and social growth. The geographical features of ancient Greece contributed to its advantage and disadvantage. Ancient Greece can be found at the tip of Balcan peninsula in Southwestern Europe. It is surrounded by three seas: in the south is the Mediterranean Sea; Ionian Sea in the west; and the Aegean Sea in the east. The Corint Gulf connects the separate region of the Peloponnesus, which is the southern tip of Greece, and Africa (Willis, 1985). The Greek mainland is a peninsula which extends into the Mediterranean Sea. The core of ancient Greece is consisted of mountainous and rugged lands. The Pindus Mountain, which is 8700 feet high, runs down the Middle of the Balkan Peninsula and is considered as the dominant range (Burns, 1958). Greece is a strategic location for empire building because it served as the crossroads between Africa, Asia and Europe. Three geographical features that affected Greece the most included the climate, the mountains and the seas. Ancient Greeces climate is temperate, making it comfortable to the people to be outside of their homes almost every year. This allowed them to engage in outdoor life within their city-states. They were able to interact with each other which enabled them to organize outdoor activities such as athletic competitions, public gatherings, entertainment and art shows, and meetings, which facilitate to the development of a rich and distinct Greek culture. The second geographical feature is the mountains. Greece is a mountainous society. Almost 70 to 80 percent of Greece is covered and dominated with mountains (Aquino Badilles, 2006). The advantage of the mountains is that they contributed to the preservation of the purity of Greek culture. Because of the mountains, inhabitants of ancient Greek civilization were secluded to their area resulting to rare interactions with other cultures. One bad effect of this geographical feature is that it served as a natural barrier which acted like walls separating different communities. It hindered communication among communities and slowed down the introduction of new ideas and technology. It also obstructed the development of a unified system of government. The Greeks ingenious solution to this problem is to developed the polis or the city-state. The creation of the city-states indicates the start of Greeks classical age because the emergence of the polis started the numerous great achievements o f the civilization (Willis, 1985). It also proved that democratic government works better in smaller states (Willis, 1985). Every polis has its own government and laws and it helped promote peoples participation in political affairs. It also provided protection and security to the inhabitants. Because states are smaller, the demands and needs of the people were easily reflected in the laws and policies that the government established. Another disadvantage of this geographical feature is that only few lands were dedicated to farming. Few small valleys and plains of ancient Greece provided farm land for the people. Adding to the disadvantage is the the rocky lands and poor soil which are not suitable for the domestication of plants. Although they experienced such disadvantages in farming, they still tried to cultivate olives and grapes. They also domesticated sheeps and cattles as an alternative to farming. The development of the polis also helped in their dilemma because it allowed t hem to supply enough food for the smaller population. The last and probably the most important geographical feature is the sea. Having been surrounded by three major bodies of water served as an advantage because it allowed early Greeks to travel and trade. The nearness of Greece to major trade routes allowed the prosperity in maritime commerce (Aquino Badilles, 2006). The sea also made the people became fishers, sailors and merchants. They excelled in ship buildings and voyaging because of their knowledge about seas around them. In the Greco-Persian wars, the Greeks used the seas to their advantage. They build smaller more efficient ships to pass through narrow routes and they exhibited their skills as naval armies. Also, the seas allowed the Greeks to depend heavily on trade. The Greeks get what they could not grow through trading. The exchanged olive oil, wine, wool and pottery with grains and other natural resources, which had a limited supply during that time . Because of their proximity to the seas, fish became the Greeks staple food. Moreover, trade encouraged cultural diffusion. It enabled the exchange of ideas with other culture and the spread of Hellenistic culture. It also encouraged them to have further knowledge about different existing civilizations at that time. To sum it all up, the mountains of Greece limited the civilizations agricultural progress and political unity. But, instead of being a disadvantage, the limitations provided ancient Greece with a stronger and well-developed communities. Adding to that are the seas that connect Greece with each other and the whole world. The seas provided Greeks with wider perspectives about other cultures and encouraged them to find ways on how to properly utilize their limited resources. It just affirms that geography, in one way or another, shaped and affected the ancient Greek civilization. References Aquino, G. Badilles, D. (2006). Social studies in perspective III. Makati City, Philippines: Diwa Scholastic Press Inc. Burns, E. M. (1958). Western civilization. New York: W. W. Norton and Co. Inc. McNeil, W. H. (1999). A world history: 4th edition. New York: Oxford University Press. Willis, F. R. (1985). Western civilization. USA: D. C. Health and Company.

Social diagnosis

Would you rather follow your heart or your head? 33. What is your opinion about same gender relationships? 34. Do you think the past matters in a relationship? 35. How would you react if I told I have had a relationship with a partner of the same gender? 36. Do you believe in any god or gods? Why? 37. Do you have any political opinions? 38. Do you have any hobbies? 39. Have you ever experimented with drugs? 40. What do you think is the key to good parenting? 41. Do you like pets in the house? 42.What is the weirdest thing about you? 43. Tell me something about your first kiss. 44. If your parents don't like me for some reason, is that a deal breaker? 45. Have you ever regretted one of your ‘romantic encounters'? 46. Do you believe in soul mates? 47. Do you have a criminal record, any contraction of diseases? 48. What is your dream Job? 49. Are you willing to stay away from your family if you ever have to for a Job? 50. Which living celebrity/author/singer would you like to know ? 51 . If you could meet a famous dead person, whom would you like to meet? . What do you think about unfaithfulness in a relationship? 53. Do you think love at first sight is possible? 54. How do you balance personal responsibilities with relationship responsibilities? 55.Who is your favorite fictional character and why? 56. Do you prefer reading books or watching movies? 57. Do you have any regrets in life? 58. What is your ideal vacation? 59. Do you have a favorite movie? 60. If you are allowed to do Just one thing for the rest of your life, what would it be? 61 . What is the one thing about you that you take pride in? . What is the most courageous thing you have ever done in your life? 63. What is your earliest memory? 64. What do you like most about you? 65. Will you be 0K with me hanging out with you and your friends? 66. What would you do if you wanted to live your life differently? 67. Have you ever taken dancing classes? DO you like to dance? 68. Do you think it is importan t to learn any form ofa performing art? 69. What are you looking for in a relationship? In the long term or short term? 70. If you have three wishes, what do would you wish for? 71 .Which is the song that makes you happy? 72. If you could have a superpower, what would be your superpower? 73. Who is the most influential person for you so far in life? 74. Is there a movie that makes you cry no matter how many times you watch it? 75. If you could change one thing about yourself, what would it be? 76. What is the best advice you ever received? 77 What kind ot music you like? 78. If you had a previous relationship, why did your last relationship break up? 79. Are you still friends with that person? 80. Was there ever a best moment you spent with them? 1 .What are the craziest things that youVe done with someone? 82. What will you have accomplished one year from now? 83. If you could go on a road trip where would you go? 84. What is the best part about family life? 85. What is a favorite memory you have of being with your family? 86. Tell me 3 good points about me. 87. What are your expectations of me? 88. Did you ever want to kill someone? 89. Have you ever wanted something really bad and then later, not so much? 90. Is there anything I could do to make you think I am bad? 91 . What would you do without lectricity for 3 days? 2. Do you like to go shopping, not buying, shopping? 93. After I had asked you out for the first time, was there any part of you that wanted to say no? 94. Where are some other places you like to go on dates? 95. What are your views on open relationships? Do you know what an open relationship is? 96. Would you ever adopt a child? 97. Is money more important to you or arerelationships you share with people more important?